The Nouvelle théologie (French for new theology) is a school of thought in Catholic theology that arose in the mid-20th century, most notably among certain circles of French and German theologians.

Theologians who are nowadays identified as influential in of the nouvelle théologie sought "a spiritual and intellectual communion with Christianity in its most vital moments as transmitted to us in its classic texts, a communion which would nourish, invigorate, and rejuvenate twentieth-century Catholicism." To accomplish this, they advocated a far broader "return to the sources" of the Christian faith: namely, Scripture and the writings of the Church Fathers. They also developed a renewed interest in particulars of biblical exegesis, typology, art, literature, and mysticism. This methodological approach is known by its French name, ressourcement ("return to the sources"). The name "new theology" was a derisive label given by its opponents.